In Good Faith by Gilbert Claire M.;

Author:Gilbert, Claire M.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Published: 2020-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

The corresponding words in each language are underlined.

1 Barceló and Labarta, Archivos moriscos, doc. 83.

2 See also Harvey, “Arabic Dialect,” 113, for the numeral wanda used as an indefinite article (which Classical Arabic does not have).

3 Barceló and Labarta, Archivos moriscos, doc. 176.

4 Barceló and Labarta, Archivos moriscos, doc. 177.

5 متا سعد. Here using the Andalusi preposition mata to indicate a genitive relationship nor-mally indicated in Classical Arabic by an idafa.

In addition, the process of translating árabe reducido back into Spanish revealed additional linguistic complexities that reflected the long history of language contact between Arabic and Romance languages in the peninsula. In one particularly visible example of this multivalent process, the word bara (بَرَه / بَرَ) appears regularly in LSA texts to refer to a particular deed or receipt or transaction record and was translated as albarán, an arabismo, or Spanish word derived from Arabic origins. Indeed, the Classical Arabic word to mean an official record or patent, bara’a براءة was adopted into Spanish much earlier as the arabismo, albarán. The “reduced” Arabic بَرَ, however, was a transcription of the Spanish arabismo, that is, a new translation of a Spanish word that had originally been borrowed from Arabic. Indeed, many technical words, especially for legal instruments (like a receipt, bara’a), were borrowed into LSA from Spanish (e.g., cessió, quitclaim). This is an example of how “reduced” LSA was marked by contact with Spanish and Spanish institutions, borrowing part of its lexical inventory through multiple levels of translation over time. In another case, the use of qurdi (القردي) in 1570 was clearly an Arabic transcription of the Castilian word corte (court). The Romance translation, more heavily inflected toward Valenciano, rendered this simply as cort (the Catalán word for “court”), indicating that such institutional vocabulary was indeed borrowed from systematic contact with hegemonic Castilian and not simply a local loanword (in which case it would have been القردْ). By the early seventeenth century, LSA had adopted the term nutari for “notary,” eschewing the classical muwaththiq and the Granadan convention of describing notarial scribes in Spanish using the arabismo of alfaquíes.112

Such linguistic effects of reducción are salient in a 1584 correspondence between family members negotiating a captive exchange, in which the writer uses Arabized Spanish code-switching without missing a beat. For example, the letter writer referred to how Don Pedro, the owner of the captive Yusuf (the letter writer’s brother), treated him as if he were his own son (yatrataruk kami walad).113 As in early missionary manuals such as that of Pedro de Alcalá in 1505 (yconfesaru) and the legal documents (qubrar) cited above, the Spanish verb tratar (to treat) was incorporated into the Arabic morphology through conjugation (yatrataruk). Indeed, this particular word appeared in a variety of contexts, and using Spanish tratar in Granadan Arabic is also attested in the Letter from Aben Aboo (discussed in Chapter 1).

One late example of Arabic correspondence produced in Spain is the well-known 1595 letter from a Valencian morisco to his father-in-law asking the latter to send him arms.

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